March arabica coffee (KCH24) on Wednesday closed up +2.50 (+1.33%), and Mar ICE robusta coffee (RMH24) closed up +22 (+0.69%).

Coffee prices on Wednesday posted moderate gains.  Excessive dryness in Brazil may reduce coffee yields and is a bullish factor for coffee prices.  Robusta coffee found support Wednesday on dwindling supplies after ICE-monitored robusta coffee inventories fell to a new record low.

Coffee prices fell back from their best levels Wednesday after the International Coffee Organization (ICO) reported that Dec global coffee exports rose +13.6% y/y to 12.168 million bags, and from Oct-Dec global coffee exports are up +6.8% y/y at 32.419 million baga.

Excessively dry conditions in Brazil are supporting arabica coffee prices.  Somar Meteorologia reported Monday that Brazil's Minas Gerais region received 30.9 mm of rainfall in the past week, or 49% of the historical average.  Minas Gerais accounts for about 30% of Brazil's arabica crop.

Meanwhile, low coffee inventories are bullish for coffee prices.  On Wednesday, ICE-monitored robusta coffee inventories fell to a record low of 2,584 lots.  ICE-monitored arabica coffee inventories fell to a 24-year low of 224,066 bags on November 30, although they recovered moderately to a 2-1/4 month high Tuesday at 288,745 bags.

A negative factor for coffee was Monday's action from Safras & Mercado to raise its 2022/23 Brazil coffee crop estimate to 61.1 million bags from a previous estimate of 58.9 million bags.  Also, Brazil exporter group Comexim last Thursday raised its Brazil 2023/24 coffee export estimate to 44.9 million bags from a previous estimate of 41.5 million bags.

An increase in Vietnam's coffee exports is bearish for robusta prices after Vietnam's General Statistics Office last Monday reported that Vietnam's Jan coffee exports rose +47.6% y/y to 210,000 MT.  Vietnam is the world's largest producer of robusta coffee beans.

Coffee buyers are shunning robusta bean purchases from Vietnam as shipping costs and delivery times have surged due to attacks by Houthi rebels on commercial ships in the Red Sea, which has prompted some of the world's main robusta coffee buyers to reduce bean purchases from Vietnam and secure more robusta supplies from Brazil.  

Tight robusta coffee supplies are bullish for prices.  Vietnam's General Department of Customs reported on January 10 that Vietnam's 2023 (Jan-Dec) coffee exports fell -8.7% y/y to 1.62 MMT.   Also, Vietnam's agriculture department on November 3 projected Vietnam's coffee production in the 2023/24 crop year could drop by -10% to 1.656 MMT, the smallest crop in four years, due to drought.  Meanwhile, the Vietnam Coffee Association on December 5 projected that 2023/24 Vietnam coffee production would fall to 1.6 MMT-1.7 MMT, down from 1.78 MMT a year earlier.  

A bearish factor for arabica was the projection from Conab, Brazil's crop forecasting agency, on January 25 that Brazil's 2024 arabica coffee production would climb +5.4% y/y to 58.1 million bags.  The 2024 coffee crop year is seen as the most productive of Brazil's biennial coffee year cycle.

A bearish factor for coffee prices is increased coffee exports from Brazil.  Exporter group Cecafe reported Brazil's Dec green coffee exports jumped +31% y/y to 3.78 million bags.  Also, Brazil's Trade Ministry reported Brazil's Dec coffee exports (not roasted) jumped +33.7% y/y to 244 MMT.  Brazil is the world's largest producer of arabica coffee beans.

This year's El Nino weather event is bullish for coffee prices.  An El Nino pattern typically brings heavy rains to Brazil and drought to India, negatively impacting coffee crop production.  The El Nino event may bring drought to Vietnam's coffee areas late this year and in early 2024, according to an official from Vietnam's Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology, and Climate Change.

In a bearish factor, the International Coffee Organization (ICO) projected on December 5 that 2023/24 global coffee production would climb +5.8% y/y to 178 million bags due to an exceptional off-biennial crop year.  ICO also projects global 2023/24 coffee consumption will rise +2.2% y/y to 177 million bags, resulting in a 1 million bag coffee surplus.

The USDA's Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS), in its biannual report released on December 21, projected that world coffee production in 2023/24 will increase +4.2% y/y to 171.4 million bags, with a +10.7% increase in arabica production to 97.3 million bags, and a -3.3% decline in robusta production to 74.1 million bags.  The USDA's FAS forecasts that 2023/24 ending stocks will fall by -4.0% to 26.5 million bags from 27.6 million bags in 2022-23.  The USDA's FAS projects that Brazil's 2023/24 arabica production would climb +12.8% y/y to 44.9 mln bags due to higher yields and increased planted acreage.  The USDA's FAS also forecasts that 2023/24 coffee production in Colombia, the world's second-largest arabica producer, will climb +7.5% y/y to 11.5 mln bags.

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